Learn about the essential steps in the PCOS diagnosis process, including the necessary tests and early symptoms to watch for. Understand how managing the symptoms of PCOS can be helped by lifestyle changes.

Key takeaways

• PCOS, or polycystic ovary syndrome, is a complex issue with no singular diagnostic test; a variety of tests may be required.
• Symptoms of PCOS often appear during puberty, but can also present later in life and can include irregular ovulation, menstrual cycles, acne, weight gain and excessive hair growth.
• A PCOS diagnosis typically involves a review of your medical history, symptoms, and potentially several diagnostic procedures such as blood tests, pelvic ultrasound, and a glucose test.
• Lifestyle medicine, including maintaining a healthy diet, regular exercise, and mental health treatment, is considered a first-line therapy for managing and even reversing the symptoms of PCOS.
• Awareness of your own body and noting any changes can be helpful in identifying the early signs of PCOS.

If you have noticed changes in your body and suspect you have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), it is essential to take those concerns to your healthcare provider. They can guide you through the appropriate steps to a PCOS diagnosis. The PCOS diagnostic criteria may vary as there is no single 'correct' method.

PCOS symptoms

PCOS symptoms typically manifest during puberty, though some patients can be diagnosed with symptoms appearing in their 20s or even later. It's important to note that the signs can vary, and not everyone with PCOS will exhibit all the common symptoms.

Common symptoms experienced by women with PCOS include:

• Absent or irregular periods
• Acne and oily skin
• Scalp hair loss
• Excessive hair growth on the face and body
• Weight gain and difficulty with weight loss
• Sleep problems and insomnia
• Skin tags
• Fertility issues
• Mood swings, depression and anxiety

If you observe any of these symptoms, it's important to consult with your healthcare provider to get checked out.

PCOS diagnosis and assessment

The PCOS test process typically starts with your healthcare provider reviewing your medical history, symptoms and performing a physical examination.

Common tests involved in the assessment include:

• Blood tests to test for androgen excess and reproductive hormone levels
• An abdominal or transvaginal ultrasound to view the ovaries
• A cholesterol blood test
• A blood pressure test
• A blood test to check your glucose levels as PCOS is associated with insulin resistance

To diagnose PCOS, two or more of the following signs is generally present:

• Irregular or absent menstrual cycles.
• Indications of high androgen levels on a blood test or symptoms such as acne and excessive hair growth
• An ultrasound showing polycystic ovaries

Generally, if you display irregular or absent menstrual cycles and high levels of androgens, a PCOS ultrasound may not be necessary to confirm the diagnosis.

Observing your own body

Being aware of changes in your own body can be crucial in recognising PCOS, and knowing when to seek help. If you notice irregularities in your menstrual cycles, sudden weight gain, scalp hair loss, or excessive hair growth, these may be indicators of PCOS.

It's important to manage these symptoms early on, as abnormal androgen levels associated with PCOS can increase the risk of other serious health conditions such as cardiovascular disease, endocrine disorders, high blood pressure, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes.

Common PCOS treatment options

After a confirmed PCOS diagnosis, a range of treatment options are available. These include lifestyle modification, insulin-sensitising drugs, and birth control pills to regulate periods and control symptoms like hair growth or acne.

Lifestyle changes, such as nutrition optimisation, regular exercise, sleep optimisation, and mental health treatment, can be remarkably effective in managing and even reversing the symptoms of PCOS. Your healthcare provider will guide you through these changes to manage the condition effectively.

In addition to lifestyle changes and medical treatments, digital tools can be invaluable. Vively, a metabolic health app, can help manage your health by improving glucose control, a crucial aspect of managing PCOS.

With evidence-based programs, Vively can be an adjunct to your existing treatment to help you manage your PCOS symptoms, leading to a healthier and more fulfilling life. Awareness and early detection, backed by the right approach to treatment and lifestyle modification, can make all the difference in successfully managing PCOS long-term.